Jupiter

Assembled from 28 blocks · 2 evidence · 50 related

1. Story
2. The first target of both spacecraft and the gravitational engine of the whole tour: massive enough that a single close pass could add enough energy to reach Saturn, and by extension everything beyond it. Voyager 1 passed on 5 March 1979 and Voyager 2 on 9 July 1979, four months apart, which meant the same system was observed twice with a known interval — long enough to see storms evolve and volcanic surfaces change. Between them the encounters found a faint ring around the planet, resolved the Great Red Spot as a circulating storm system rather than a marking, and characterised the magnetosphere, the largest structure in the solar system after the heliosphere itself. Not a place on Earth.
3. Knowledge
4. Jupiter
5. Connections
6. Voyager 1
7. Voyager 2
8. Io
9. The Grand Tour alignment
10. Voyager 1 closest approach to Jupiter
11. Active volcanism found on Io
12. Voyager 2 closest approach to Jupiter
13. Pioneer 10
14. Pioneer 11
15. Galileo
16. Cassini–Huygens
17. New Horizons
18. Juno
19. Pioneer 10 passes Jupiter — the first spacecraft to reach the outer Solar System
20. Pioneer 11 passes Jupiter, bending north toward Saturn
21. Galileo enters orbit around Jupiter — the first outer-planet orbiter
22. Galileo is flown into Jupiter to end its mission
23. Cassini passes Jupiter for a final speed boost toward Saturn
24. New Horizons takes a gravity assist at Jupiter
25. Juno enters polar orbit around Jupiter
26. Evidence
27. The encounter dates and principal findings at Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, including the Jovian ring, the resolved ring structure at Saturn, the tilted and offset Uranian magnetic field and the newly found moons at both ice giants. V55 verification basis: THE PAGES WERE NOT REACHED — science.nasa.gov is blocked by this session's egress proxy and the search budget was exhausted. Everything attributed here is standard mission record from general knowledge; a curator must confirm each encounter date and each count of newly discovered moons against NASA's own pages.
28. An eruption plume was identified on Io's limb on 8 March 1979 in an over-exposed Voyager 1 optical navigation image, the first active volcanism observed beyond Earth. V55 verification basis: NOT CHECKED IN THIS RUN. The author list, volume and date are given from standard citation practice and the page number is deliberately omitted because it was not confirmed.