Carthage

Assembled from 10 blocks · 2 evidence · 8 related

1. Story
2. Rome's principal Mediterranean rival, destroyed at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BCE and refounded as a Roman colony under Caesar and Augustus. Roman Carthage became one of the largest cities of the western empire and the administrative centre of Africa Proconsularis, the province that supplied much of Rome's grain and olive oil. Its trajectory - annihilated, then rebuilt as Roman, then a source of Roman elites - is the empire's assimilation logic in a single site. Archaeological Site of Carthage, UNESCO World Heritage ref. 37.
3. Knowledge
4. Carthage
5. Connections
6. Roman Citizenship (civitas Romana)
7. The Punic Wars
8. Evidence
9. The inscribed property covers the Punic and Roman city on the Gulf of Tunis, including the Byrsa hill, the Antonine baths, the circular military harbour and the tophet, documenting both the Punic city destroyed in 146 BCE and the Roman colonia rebuilt on the same ground.
10. A Greek hostage in Rome writing to explain how Rome conquered the Mediterranean in fifty-three years, Polybius supplies the main narrative of the first two Punic Wars and the classic analysis of the Roman constitution as a mixed regime. He is a near-contemporary but a partisan of his Roman patrons, and his fleet and casualty numbers are not independently checkable.