Proto-Indo-European is spoken

Assembled from 38 blocks · 1 evidence · 30 related

1. Story
2. The reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European languages was spoken by a real community at a date conventionally placed in the fourth to third millennium BCE, and in a place that remains the most argued question in the field. The linguistic evidence for the date is indirect and derives from the reconstructed vocabulary: securely recoverable terms for wheeled transport and for wool and dairying place the proto-language after those technologies existed, giving an earliest bound that archaeology can supply. Both the date and the location are stated here as contested, not resolved; the catalogue timeline for this Journey gives the same approximate date with the same caveat.
3. Knowledge
4. Indo-European
5. Proto-Indo-European
6. The Pontic–Caspian steppe
7. Proto-Indo-European is spoken
8. Connections
9. Proto-Indo-European
10. The Pontic–Caspian steppe
11. Indo-European
12. Indo-European
13. The comparative method
14. Anatolia
15. The Pontic–Caspian steppe
16. Saussure posits consonants no language attests
17. Kuryłowicz matches Hittite h to Saussure's coefficients
18. Proto-Indo-European is spoken
19. A Bayesian phylogeny dates Indo-European to the Anatolian Neolithic
20. Ancient DNA finds a mass movement from the steppe into Europe
21. A hybrid model is proposed for the Indo-European origin
22. Ancient DNA as a check on linguistic prehistory
23. Proto-Indo-European
24. Proto-Indo-European is spoken
25. Ancient DNA finds a mass movement from the steppe into Europe
26. A hybrid model is proposed for the Indo-European origin
27. Proto-Indo-European
28. Uralic
29. Trans-New Guinea
30. Dravidian
31. Hittite
32. Sanskrit
33. Jones states the Indo-European hypothesis in Calcutta
34. Hrozný identifies Hittite as an Indo-European language
35. Proto-Indo-European is spoken
36. Phylogeography puts the Indo-European homeland in Anatolia
37. Evidence
38. Supports the steppe hypothesis as argued from reconstructed wheeled-vehicle and wool vocabulary, the archaeology of the Pontic–Caspian region, and the Indo-Iranian loanword strata in Uralic. V55 verification basis: this session had no access to any source — WebFetch was egress-blocked for every host attempted and the WebSearch budget was exhausted before authoring — so the cited work was not retrieved, and no page, volume or figure quoted from it was re-checked. No page is cited and no reconstructed form is quoted from the book; the date of horse domestication, which the book discusses and which has been revised since, is deliberately not stated anywhere in this pack.