The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N

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1. Story
2. A trans-Atlantic line of moorings was deployed across 26.5°N in April 2004 by the UK National Oceanography Centre with the University of Miami and NOAA. Combining the cable-derived Florida Current transport, satellite-derived Ekman transport and geostrophic transport inferred from boundary density profiles, it produces a continuous estimate of the overturning strength. Before it, basin-wide overturning was known only from occasional hydrographic snapshots decades apart, and any claimed trend was a comparison of two photographs.
3. Knowledge
4. North Atlantic — Grand Banks approaches
5. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
6. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
7. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
8. Connections
9. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
10. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
11. North Atlantic — Grand Banks approaches
12. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
13. Gulf Stream
14. Sverdrup (Sv)
15. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
16. A statistical early-warning analysis puts an AMOC collapse mid-century
17. Twenty-two years of continuous AMOC observation
18. Gulf Stream
19. Thermohaline Circulation
20. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
21. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
22. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
23. Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP)
24. Meridional Ocean Heat Transport
25. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
26. OSNAP moves the engine room out of the Labrador Sea
27. IPCC AR6 assesses AMOC decline as very likely and collapse as unlikely this century
28. A statistical early-warning analysis puts an AMOC collapse mid-century
29. A physics-based early warning signal is proposed
30. Twenty-two years of continuous AMOC observation
31. RMS Titanic
32. North Atlantic iceberg drift
33. Titanic wreck site
34. International Ice Patrol
35. Baltic's ice warning handed to Ismay and pocketed
36. Mesaba reports heavy pack ice and bergs directly ahead
37. Iceberg sighted and struck
38. Titanic founders
39. International Ice Patrol established
40. Gulf Stream
41. Southern Ocean
42. Labrador Sea
43. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
44. Evidence
45. The RAPID array at 26.5°N gives a mean AMOC of 17.0 Sv (s.d. 2.8 Sv) for April 2004 to January 2023 and a weakening of 1.0 [0.4–1.6] Sv per decade; the trend is not expected to exceed a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 until the 2040s. Read via search summary; the paper itself could not be fetched because the publisher domain is blocked to this run.