Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature

Assembled from 36 blocks · 1 evidence · 23 related

1. Story
2. Hertzsprung, working at Leiden, plotted luminosity against colour around 1911 and distinguished giants from dwarfs; Russell, unaware of that work, plotted absolute magnitude against spectral class in 1913. Both found that stars fall into distinct groups rather than scattering. Because Russell was the more prominent figure the plot was first called the Russell diagram, then the Russell-Hertzsprung diagram, and only later given the order that matches the chronology.
3. Knowledge
4. Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
5. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
6. Henry Norris Russell
7. Ejnar Hertzsprung
8. Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature
9. Connections
10. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
11. Ejnar Hertzsprung
12. Henry Norris Russell
13. Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
14. Ejnar Hertzsprung
15. Henry Norris Russell
16. Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
17. Gaia (ESA astrometric survey)
18. Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature
19. Gaia stops observing
20. Gaia Data Release 4 scheduled
21. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
22. Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature
23. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
24. Payne concludes that stars are mostly hydrogen - and disclaims it
25. Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature
26. Payne concludes that stars are mostly hydrogen - and disclaims it
27. Initial stellar mass
28. Protostar
29. Red giant and asymptotic giant branch
30. Hydrogen fusion: the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle
31. The Sun
32. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
33. The Sun forms and settles onto the main sequence
34. Hertzsprung and Russell independently plot luminosity against temperature
35. Evidence
36. Supports the description of the main sequence as a mass-ordered band and the 1911/1913 attribution and naming history of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Institutional educational material, read via search summary rather than fetched; not a substitute for the original Hertzsprung and Russell publications.