The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete

Assembled from 57 blocks · 2 evidence · 60 related

1. Story
2. The rotunda is built under Hadrian and roofed with a concrete dome about 43.3 m across - still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world. The dating is itself instructive: the traditional 126 CE has been revised by study of brick stamps in the fabric towards a construction period beginning under Trajan, so the building's own materials are the evidence for when it was built. Every design decision in the shell is a response to concrete's inability to take tension.
3. Knowledge
4. Rome
5. The dome
6. Roman concrete (opus caementicium)
7. The Pantheon, Rome
8. The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete
9. Connections
10. The Pantheon, Rome
11. The dome
12. Roman concrete (opus caementicium)
13. Rome
14. Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae
15. Roman concrete (opus caementicium)
16. Rome
17. The dome
18. Roman concrete (opus caementicium)
19. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople / Istanbul
20. The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete
21. The voussoir arch
22. The pendentive
23. The Pantheon, Rome
24. The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete
25. Hagia Sophia is dedicated
26. The first dome of Hagia Sophia collapses
27. The steeper dome is dedicated
28. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), Rome
29. Reinforced concrete
30. The Pantheon, Rome
31. The Pantheon, Rome
32. Roman builders adopt pozzolanic concrete
33. The Colosseum opens: arch and concrete at civic scale
34. The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete
35. Lime clasts reinterpreted as hot mixing and self-healing
36. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), Rome
37. The Roman Legion
38. Roman Law
39. The Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum)
40. Ostia Antica
41. Via Appia
42. Traditional foundation of the Roman Republic
43. Construction of the Via Appia begins
44. The Punic Wars
45. Caesar crosses the Rubicon
46. Assassination of Julius Caesar
47. The Augustan settlement: Octavian becomes Augustus
48. Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheatre
49. Dedication of Constantinople
50. Administrative division of the empire on the death of Theodosius I
51. Alaric's Goths sack Rome
52. Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus - the contested 'fall' of the Western Roman Empire
53. The Pantheon, Rome
54. The Pantheon dome spans about 43 m in unreinforced concrete
55. Evidence
56. Standard study of Roman concrete vaulting, its materials, aggregate selection and construction sequence, including the graded-aggregate practice used in large domes. Supports the MATERIAL_ROMAN_CONCRETE and SITE_PANTHEON records. V55 verification basis: real and standard, but not consulted in this session; no research domain was reachable.
57. Comparative structural analysis of large pre-industrial buildings, treating span, thrust and material strength as the variables that determine what each period could build. Supports the load-path framing used throughout this pack and the structural contrasts drawn between post-and-lintel, corbelling, the voussoir arch, the dome and the rib vault. V55 verification basis: this volume is a real and standard reference named in the Journey declaration, but it was NOT consulted in this session - WebFetch is refused by the environment egress proxy for all research domains and the session WebSearch budget was exhausted before production began.