Coastal and Equatorial Upwelling

Assembled from 30 blocks · 2 evidence · 54 related

1. Story
2. Where surface water is pushed away and deeper water rises to replace it. Along an eastern ocean margin, an equatorward alongshore wind drives Ekman transport offshore and pulls water up from one or two hundred metres — cold, and loaded with the nitrate and phosphate that sank out of the sunlit layer elsewhere. The four eastern boundary upwelling systems — California, Canary, Benguela and Humboldt — occupy about one per cent of the ocean surface and produce on the order of twenty per cent of the global fish catch. Upwelling also happens at the equator, where the Coriolis deflection changes sign and Ekman transport diverges on either side, and around Antarctica, where the westerlies pull deep water back to the surface and close the overturning circuit. Upwelling is the return half of the circulation: without it, what sinks would never come back.
3. Knowledge
4. Ekman Transport and the Ekman Spiral
5. Thermohaline Circulation
6. Coastal and Equatorial Upwelling
7. Connections
8. Humboldt (Peru–Chile) Current
9. Ekman Transport and the Ekman Spiral
10. Thermohaline Circulation
11. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
12. Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)
13. El Niño Advisory in effect at the July 2026 CPC discussion
14. North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
15. Coastal and Equatorial Upwelling
16. Vagn Walfrid Ekman
17. Nansen observes ice drifting to the right of the wind
18. Ekman publishes the theory of wind-driven surface transport
19. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
20. Coastal and Equatorial Upwelling
21. Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)
22. Southern Ocean
23. Argo Profiling Float Array
24. Wallace Broecker
25. The great ocean conveyor is drawn
26. The Argo design array is completed
27. IPCC AR6 assesses AMOC decline as very likely and collapse as unlikely this century
28. Evidence
29. The four eastern boundary upwelling systems — California, Canary, Benguela and Humboldt — occupy about 1 per cent of the ocean surface and produce on the order of 20 per cent of the global fish catch. Read via search summary alongside an IUCN review chapter making the same statement; neither source was fetched, and the underlying fisheries accounting was not traced.
30. The northern Humboldt Current upwelling system off Peru holds the world's largest single-species fishery, on the Peruvian anchoveta, with fish production per unit area higher than any other region of the world ocean; the wider system has supplied up to about 15 per cent of the global fish catch in some years from roughly 0.1 per cent of the marine surface. Read via search summary alongside Nature Conservancy and IUCN material; not fetched.