Anatolia

Assembled from 13 blocks · 2 evidence · 11 related

1. Story
2. The peninsula between the Black Sea, the Aegean and the Mediterranean, occupied today by most of Türkiye, and a region that enters this Journey twice for unconnected reasons. It is where Hittite was written and recovered, which makes it the source of the single most important body of evidence for the shape of Proto-Indo-European. It is also the homeland proposed by the rival hypothesis about where Indo-European began: the argument, associated with Colin Renfrew and given quantitative form by Bayesian phylogenies published in 2003 and 2012, is that the family spread with the expansion of farming out of Anatolia in the seventh millennium BCE rather than with pastoralists from the steppe four thousand years later. The two roles are logically independent, and confusing them is a common error — Anatolia can be the location of the earliest attested branch without being the homeland of the family, and an early-branching Anatolian is compatible with either account. Anatolia is also one of the world's deepest archaeological sequences, with early agricultural settlement attested from the ninth millennium BCE onward.
3. Knowledge
4. Anatolia
5. Connections
6. Proto-Indo-European
7. Hattusa (Boğazkale)
8. A Bayesian phylogeny dates Indo-European to the Anatolian Neolithic
9. Phylogeography puts the Indo-European homeland in Anatolia
10. A hybrid model is proposed for the Indo-European origin
11. Evidence
12. Supports the reported Bayesian root-age estimate for Indo-European of roughly eight to ten thousand years and its use in favour of the Anatolian hypothesis. V55 verification basis: this session had no access to any source — WebFetch was egress-blocked for every host attempted and the WebSearch budget was exhausted before authoring — so the cited work was not retrieved, and no page, volume or figure quoted from it was re-checked. The age is given as a range from standing knowledge of the reported result; the paper's own credible interval is not quoted, and the page range is omitted rather than guessed.
13. Supports the reported phylogeographic inference of an Anatolian origin for Indo-European, and is cited here together with the criticism it attracted rather than as a settled result. V55 verification basis: this session had no access to any source — WebFetch was egress-blocked for every host attempted and the WebSearch budget was exhausted before authoring — so the cited work was not retrieved, and no page, volume or figure quoted from it was re-checked. Volume number from standing knowledge; page range omitted rather than guessed.