Life of a Star
How these connect
Initial stellar mass and what it relates to. Every line is an evidence-backed relation, and the arrangement is fixed — this address draws this picture, today and next year.
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- Expand Supernova — 7 more
- Expand Protostar — 1 more
- Expand Main sequence (core hydrogen burning) — 3 more
- Expand Hydrogen fusion: the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle — 3 more
Every relation drawn, in words6
- Hydrogen fusion: the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle · part_of · Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
Core hydrogen fusion by the proton-proton chain or the CNO cycle is what defines the main-sequence phase.
- Initial stellar mass · governs · Hydrogen fusion: the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle
Models place the crossover from proton-proton to CNO dominance near 1.3 solar masses, because the CNO rate is far more temperature-sensitive.
- Initial stellar mass · governs · Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
Position along the main sequence, core temperature, dominant fusion cycle and lifetime are all set principally by initial mass.
- Protostar · constrained_by · Initial stellar mass
Below roughly 0.07 to 0.09 solar masses, depending on composition, a contracting object never ignites sustained hydrogen fusion and becomes a brown dwarf.
- Protostar · precedes · Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
Contraction ends and the main sequence begins at the moment core fusion supplies the entire radiated luminosity.
- Initial stellar mass · governs · Supernova
Core collapse requires an initial mass above roughly eight solar masses; below that the star sheds its envelope instead.