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Longevity

How these connect

The rise in life expectancy at birth and what it relates to. Every line is an evidence-backed relation, and the arrangement is fixed — this address draws this picture, today and next year.

contradicts — Multi-year declines in the United States, in 1990s Russia and globally during the pandemic show the historical increase is contingent on social and health-system conditions rather than monotonic.caused_by — Antibiotics consolidated the decline in deaths from bacterial infection, arriving after sanitation and nutrition had already produced most of the gain.caused_by — Moving deaths out of infancy raises the cohort mean by decades per death averted, which is why life expectancy at birth rose so much further than life expectancy at sixty-five.caused_by — Clean water supply, sewerage separation, filtration and chlorination are the single largest identified contributor to the modern mortality decline.caused_by — Childhood immunisation removed a large share of deaths in the first five years of life, the age band that dominates life expectancy at birth.affects — Waterborne diarrhoeal disease killed disproportionately in the first two years of life, so water treatment acted most strongly on infant mortality.The collapse of infant and child mortalityThe collapse of infant an…Reversals in life expectancyReversals in life expecta…The rise in life expectancy at birthThe rise in life expectan…AntibioticsAntibioticsSanitation and water treatmentSanitation and water trea…VaccinationVaccination
6 drawn · 4 reachable and not drawn · positions derived from object ids, never from a simulation
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Every relation drawn, in words6
  1. Reversals in life expectancy · contradicts · The rise in life expectancy at birth

    Multi-year declines in the United States, in 1990s Russia and globally during the pandemic show the historical increase is contingent on social and health-system conditions rather than monotonic.

  2. The rise in life expectancy at birth · caused_by · Antibiotics

    Antibiotics consolidated the decline in deaths from bacterial infection, arriving after sanitation and nutrition had already produced most of the gain.

  3. The rise in life expectancy at birth · caused_by · The collapse of infant and child mortality

    Moving deaths out of infancy raises the cohort mean by decades per death averted, which is why life expectancy at birth rose so much further than life expectancy at sixty-five.

  4. The rise in life expectancy at birth · caused_by · Sanitation and water treatment

    Clean water supply, sewerage separation, filtration and chlorination are the single largest identified contributor to the modern mortality decline.

  5. The rise in life expectancy at birth · caused_by · Vaccination

    Childhood immunisation removed a large share of deaths in the first five years of life, the age band that dominates life expectancy at birth.

  6. Sanitation and water treatment · affects · The collapse of infant and child mortality

    Waterborne diarrhoeal disease killed disproportionately in the first two years of life, so water treatment acted most strongly on infant mortality.