Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage

Assembled from 57 blocks · 1 evidence · 44 related

1. Story
2. The Borobudur stupa complex was built in central Java in roughly the late eighth to mid-ninth century under Shailendra royal patronage, in the same period and region as major Hindu temple construction. Dating rests on art-historical and epigraphic argument rather than a foundation inscription. The monument shows Buddhism arriving by sea at the far end of the maritime network and being expressed in an unmistakably Javanese architectural idiom.
3. Knowledge
4. Buddhism
5. Indian Ocean maritime trade network
6. Religious syncretism at contact points
7. Hinduism
8. Borobudur
9. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
10. Connections
11. Borobudur
12. Buddhism
13. Hinduism
14. Indian Ocean maritime trade network
15. Religious syncretism at contact points
16. Religious syncretism at contact points
17. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
18. Sogdian merchant networks
19. Silk Road religious corridor
20. Xuanzang
21. Mogao Caves
22. First cave cut at Mogao (traditional date)
23. Xuanzang travels to India and back
24. The Dunhuang Diamond Sutra is printed
25. Gandhara
26. Ashoka (Ashoka Maurya)
27. Ashoka's bilingual Greek-Aramaic inscription at Kandahar
28. Council at Pataliputra and the despatch of Buddhist missions (traditional account)
29. Buddhism attested in Han China
30. Anthropomorphic Buddha images appear in Gandhara and Mathura
31. Traditional founding of the first cave at Mogao
32. Xuanzang's overland journey to India and return
33. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
34. Indian Ocean maritime trade network
35. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
36. Measured global religious composition, 2010-2020
37. Islam
38. Silk Road religious corridor
39. Aksum
40. Kilwa Kisiwani
41. Hinduism
42. Zoroastrianism
43. Aksum adopts Christianity under King Ezana
44. Zoroastrian migrants reach Gujarat — the Parsi settlement
45. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
46. Construction phases of the Great Mosque at Kilwa Kisiwani
47. The ruling house of Malacca adopts Islam
48. Measured global religious composition, 2010-2020
49. Mogao Caves
50. Borobudur
51. Gandhara
52. Xi'an Stele (Jingjiao / 'Nestorian' Stele)
53. Anthropomorphic Buddha images appear in Gandhara and Mathura
54. The Xi'an stele is erected
55. Construction of Borobudur under Shailendra patronage
56. Evidence
57. Borobudur is a monumental Mahayana Buddhist temple complex in the Kedu Valley of central Java, built in the eighth and ninth centuries under the Syailendra dynasty and inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1991 as reference 592. The inscribed property is three temples together — Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut — and it stands in a landscape that also carries major contemporary Hindu temple construction. V55 verification basis: the UNESCO listing was retrieved in summary; whc.unesco.org itself is unreachable from this session, so the nomination file and criteria were not read.