Qing trade confined to Canton

Assembled from 74 blocks · 2 evidence · 49 related

1. Story
2. The Qing court restricted all Western maritime trade to Canton, where foreign merchants were confined to the Thirteen Factories on the Pearl River, could not enter the city or the interior, could not deal directly with producers, and had to transact through the licensed Cohong. The system channelled an enormous tea export through one legal aperture, which the Qing state taxed and supervised. It also meant European buyers knew almost nothing about where tea was grown or how it was made — an ignorance that shaped everything that followed.
3. Knowledge
4. Tea
5. Canton (historical) — modern Guangzhou
6. Cohong (Gonghang)
7. English (later British) East India Company
8. Silver
9. Qing trade confined to Canton
10. Connections
11. Canton (historical) — modern Guangzhou
12. Cohong (Gonghang)
13. English (later British) East India Company
14. Tea
15. Silver
16. Tea
17. Cohong (Gonghang)
18. Silver
19. Opium
20. Shanghai
21. Qing trade confined to Canton
22. East India Company's China monopoly ends; Tea Committee founded
23. Lin Zexu destroys confiscated opium at Humen
24. The Opium Wars
25. Treaty of Nanking
26. Canton (historical) — modern Guangzhou
27. Qing trade confined to Canton
28. Treaty of Nanking
29. Opium
30. Assam
31. Tea
32. Robert Fortune
33. Qing trade confined to Canton
34. Boston Tea Party
35. Commutation Act cuts British tea duty
36. East India Company's China monopoly ends; Tea Committee founded
37. Lin Zexu destroys confiscated opium at Humen
38. The Opium Wars
39. Robert Fortune removes tea plants and tea makers from China
40. Parliament bans the use of printed calicoes
41. Camellia sinensis
42. Silver
43. London
44. Tea Horse Road (Chamagudao)
45. Canton (historical) — modern Guangzhou
46. English (later British) East India Company
47. Tea culture
48. Tea buried in the Han Yangling mausoleum
49. Tea-for-horse exchange between China and Tibet
50. Tea first shipped to Europe by sea
51. Qing trade confined to Canton
52. Boston Tea Party
53. Commutation Act cuts British tea duty
54. Robert Bruce shown tea growing in Assam
55. East India Company's China monopoly ends; Tea Committee founded
56. First Assam tea auctioned in London
57. The Opium Wars
58. Treaty of Nanking
59. Tea
60. The Columbian Exchange
61. Manila
62. Canton (historical) — modern Guangzhou
63. Opium
64. Qing trade confined to Canton
65. Commutation Act cuts British tea duty
66. The Opium Wars
67. Treaty of Nanking
68. Potosí
69. Silver ore is registered at the Cerro Rico of Potosí
70. Manila is founded as the eastern terminus
71. Mercury amalgamation and the mita transform Potosí
72. Evidence
73. Between 1757 and 1842 all Western maritime trade with China was confined to Canton and conducted through the Cohong, with tea the dominant export and silver the dominant means of payment.
74. The Company's Canton trade, its tea purchases and cargo accounting, and its administrative decision-making are documented in a single surviving institutional archive.