SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth

Assembled from 45 blocks · 1 evidence · 37 related

1. Story
2. Three underground detectors - Kamiokande-II in Japan, IMB in Ohio and Baksan in the Soviet Union - recorded a coincident burst of neutrino interactions lasting about a dozen seconds, totalling roughly two dozen events. The optical supernova was found in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 50 kiloparsecs away, the following night. It remains the only occasion on which the collapse of a stellar core has been observed by any means other than the light it eventually produced, and the neutrino timing and energies matched core-collapse predictions closely enough to confirm the mechanism. The progenitor, catalogued as Sanduleak -69 202, was a blue supergiant rather than the red supergiant theory expected - a genuine surprise that forced revisions to massive-star evolution models. Event counts are quoted inconsistently in the literature, with Kamiokande-II's given as both 11 and 12.
3. Knowledge
4. Initial stellar mass
5. Supernova
6. Neutron star
7. Kamioka Observatory, Mozumi mine
8. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
9. Connections
10. Kamioka Observatory, Mozumi mine
11. Supernova
12. Supernova
13. Neutron star
14. Kamioka Observatory, Mozumi mine
15. Initial stellar mass
16. Initial stellar mass
17. The iron peak in nuclear binding energy
18. Giant molecular cloud
19. Neutron star
20. Stellar-mass black hole
21. A guest star appears in Taurus and is recorded in East Asia
22. Baade and Zwicky propose supernovae and neutron stars
23. A pulsar is found inside the Crab Nebula
24. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
25. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
26. JWST finds the compact object in SN 1987A
27. Degeneracy pressure
28. Supernova
29. Baade and Zwicky propose supernovae and neutron stars
30. A regularly pulsing radio source is identified
31. A pulsar is found inside the Crab Nebula
32. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
33. A neutron-star merger is detected in gravitational waves and light
34. A radius is measured for the heaviest known neutron star
35. JWST finds the compact object in SN 1987A
36. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
37. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
38. Hydrogen fusion: the proton-proton chain and the CNO cycle
39. Main sequence (core hydrogen burning)
40. Supernova
41. Protostar
42. The first stars form from metal-free gas
43. SN 1987A: neutrinos from a collapsing core reach Earth
44. Evidence
45. Records a coincident neutrino burst at approximately 07:35 UT on 23 February 1987 across three detectors, totalling roughly two dozen events. Volume and page numbers are deliberately not asserted because they were not confirmed. Reported event counts differ between accounts: Kamiokande-II is quoted as both 11 and 12 events, with 8 for IMB and 5 for Baksan.