Supernova

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The destruction of a star in an explosion that can briefly outshine its entire host galaxy. Two physically unrelated mechanisms share the name. A core-collapse supernova ends a star above roughly eight solar masses: the iron core exceeds what degeneracy can support, collapses in about a second to nuclear density, and the infalling envelope rebounds off the newly formed proto-neutron star while a vast flux of neutrinos - carrying the overwhelming majority of the energy released - deposits enough of itself in the surrounding material to unbind it. A thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernova instead destroys a white dwarf that has been pushed toward the Chandrasekhar limit by accretion or merger, leaving nothing behind. The lower mass boundary for core collapse is not sharp: theoretical estimates span roughly 7 to 11 solar masses and observational progenitor work converges near 8 plus or minus 1. Not a place.

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