The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once

Assembled from 38 blocks · 1 evidence · 50 related

1. Story
2. Twelve countries establish and operate Antarctic stations simultaneously for the duration of the IGY, explicitly setting aside the question of whose territory they stand on. Vostok and several other long-lived stations date from it. The arrangement worked for eighteen months, and the treaty signed the following year is essentially an attempt to make that temporary suspension of the sovereignty question permanent.
3. Knowledge
4. Antarctica
5. McMurdo Station
6. Vostok Station
7. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
8. Connections
9. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
10. Antarctica
11. Vostok Station
12. McMurdo Station
13. Arctic Ocean
14. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
15. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
16. Halley Bay Emperor Penguin Colony
17. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
18. McMurdo Station
19. Vostok Station
20. Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle
21. Antarctica is sighted - by whom is disputed
22. Amundsen reaches the South Pole
23. Scott reaches the South Pole and finds he is second
24. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
25. The Antarctic Treaty is signed at Washington
26. The continuous satellite sea-ice record begins
27. Vostok records minus 89.2 degrees Celsius
28. Antarctic sea ice reaches a record low, a year after the previous one
29. The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference
30. Southern Ocean
31. Antarctica
32. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
33. Vostok records minus 89.2 degrees Celsius
34. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
35. Antarctica
36. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
37. Evidence
38. The Treaty reserves Antarctica for peaceful purposes and prohibits military activity (Article I), guarantees freedom of scientific investigation, freezes the territorial claims question so that no act while it is in force constitutes a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim and no new claim may be made (Article IV), applies to the area south of 60 degrees south (Article VI), and provides for inspection of all stations, installations and equipment by observers designated by consultative parties (Article VII). V55 VERIFICATION BASIS: this session had NO working research channel - WebFetch to ats.aq was refused by the network egress proxy and the WebSearch budget was exhausted before production began. The citation rests on the producer's prior knowledge of the treaty text, not on consultation during production, and must be opened before publication.