The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference

Assembled from 32 blocks · 1 evidence · 50 related

1. Story
2. Fifty years after entry into force, any consultative party may request a conference to review the Protocol's operation. This is a procedural door opening, not an expiry: the mining prohibition does not lapse, and changing it would require both agreement at such a conference and a binding legal regime in force. It is recorded here as a declared programme date because it is the single most misreported fact about Antarctic governance.
3. Knowledge
4. Antarctica
5. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol, 1991)
6. The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference
7. Connections
8. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol, 1991)
9. Antarctica
10. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
11. The Madrid Protocol prohibits Antarctic mining
12. The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference
13. Arctic Ocean
14. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
15. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
16. Halley Bay Emperor Penguin Colony
17. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
18. McMurdo Station
19. Vostok Station
20. Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle
21. Antarctica is sighted - by whom is disputed
22. Amundsen reaches the South Pole
23. Scott reaches the South Pole and finds he is second
24. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
25. The Antarctic Treaty is signed at Washington
26. The continuous satellite sea-ice record begins
27. Vostok records minus 89.2 degrees Celsius
28. Antarctic sea ice reaches a record low, a year after the previous one
29. The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference
30. Southern Ocean
31. Evidence
32. The Protocol designates Antarctica a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and prohibits any activity relating to mineral resources other than scientific research; it provides that a review conference may be requested after fifty years from entry into force, which is the provision commonly and wrongly reported as an expiry of the mining ban in 2048. V55 VERIFICATION BASIS: as above - no source was opened during production. Article numbering is deliberately not quoted in this record because it was not checked.