RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N

Assembled from 42 blocks · 2 evidence · 46 related

1. Story
2. A trans-basin line of moored instruments across the Atlantic at 26.5°N, from the Bahamas to the African shelf, which has measured the overturning circulation continuously since April 2004. It is a collaboration of the UK National Oceanography Centre, the University of Miami and NOAA. The method is indirect and worth understanding: the array does not measure the overturning directly but sums the Florida Current transport from the submarine cable, the wind-driven Ekman transport from satellite winds, and the mid-ocean geostrophic transport inferred from density profiles at the boundaries. Twenty-plus years in, it remains the longest direct record of any overturning circulation anywhere.
3. Knowledge
4. Gulf Stream
5. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
6. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
7. Sverdrup (Sv)
8. Connections
9. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
10. Gulf Stream
11. Sverdrup (Sv)
12. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
13. A statistical early-warning analysis puts an AMOC collapse mid-century
14. Twenty-two years of continuous AMOC observation
15. Gulf Stream
16. Thermohaline Circulation
17. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
18. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
19. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
20. Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP)
21. Meridional Ocean Heat Transport
22. The RAPID array begins continuous AMOC measurement at 26.5°N
23. OSNAP moves the engine room out of the Labrador Sea
24. IPCC AR6 assesses AMOC decline as very likely and collapse as unlikely this century
25. A statistical early-warning analysis puts an AMOC collapse mid-century
26. A physics-based early warning signal is proposed
27. Twenty-two years of continuous AMOC observation
28. Western Intensification of Wind-Driven Gyres
29. North Atlantic — Grand Banks approaches
30. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
31. North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
32. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
33. The Gulf Stream is charted to explain slow mail
34. Maury issues the Wind and Current Chart of the North Atlantic
35. The Physical Geography of the Sea is published
36. The Gulf Stream is found not to explain Europe's mild winters
37. RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS Array at 26.5°N
38. Drake Passage is measured and the ACC turns out to be larger
39. Twenty-two years of continuous AMOC observation
40. Evidence
41. The RAPID array at 26.5°N gives a mean AMOC of 17.0 Sv (s.d. 2.8 Sv) for April 2004 to January 2023 and a weakening of 1.0 [0.4–1.6] Sv per decade; the trend is not expected to exceed a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 until the 2040s. Read via search summary; the paper itself could not be fetched because the publisher domain is blocked to this run.
42. Daily Florida Current transport is derived from voltages induced on a submarine telecommunications cable across the Straits of Florida near 27°N, between West Palm Beach and Eight Mile Rock on Grand Bahama, measured near-continuously since 1982; the long-term mean is 32 Sv, where 1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹. Read via search summary; the AOML domain is blocked to this run.