Sverdrup (Sv)

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The unit in which ocean transports are stated: one sverdrup is one million cubic metres per second. It exists because the numbers involved are otherwise unreadable — the Amazon in flood is roughly a fifth of a sverdrup, while the Antarctic Circumpolar Current moves about 173. Every transport figure in this Journey is in these units, and the unit matters for judging claims: a 1 Sv-per-decade AMOC trend against a 2.8 Sv standard deviation is a small signal inside a large amount of natural variability, and saying so is not scepticism but arithmetic.

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