South Georgia

Assembled from 41 blocks · 2 evidence · 77 related

1. Story
2. A sub-Antarctic island in the South Atlantic, about 165 km long, that was the centre of Southern Hemisphere land-based whaling and is now one of the clearest recovery signals for the species. Industrial whaling operating from the island between 1904 and 1971 killed 42,698 blue whales there. The effect was near-total local extirpation: over 34,000 km of systematic survey effort between 1998 and 2018 produced a single blue whale sighting. Then a February 2020 survey recorded 58 blue whale sightings from 2,430 km of visual effort, with 23 individuals photo-identified. The same waters, a century apart, are the before and after of the whole story.
3. Knowledge
4. South Georgia
5. Southern Ocean
6. Connections
7. Antarctic Summer Feeding Migration
8. Southern Ocean
9. Grytviken Whaling Station
10. Whaling begins at Grytviken, South Georgia
11. Whaling ends at South Georgia
12. Blue whales are found back at South Georgia
13. An individual Antarctic blue whale is re-sighted at South Georgia
14. Antarctic Blue Whale (B. m. intermedia)
15. Antarctic Summer Feeding Migration
16. South Georgia
17. Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
18. Seasonal Krill Aggregation
19. The factory ship Lancing takes a stern slipway south
20. The Antarctic blue whale catch reaches its all-time peak
21. The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary is adopted
22. Dedicated Antarctic Blue Whale Project voyages
23. Baleen whale consumption is re-measured, and the krill paradox sharpens
24. The only published Antarctic blue whale satellite tracks are released as data
25. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
26. Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)
27. CCAMLR is agreed at Canberra
28. A long-term decline in krill density is linked to winter sea ice
29. CCAMLR adopts the Ross Sea marine protected area
30. Antarctic sea ice reaches a record low, a year after the previous one
31. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
32. Antarctica
33. Thermohaline Circulation
34. North Atlantic — Grand Banks approaches
35. Weddell Sea
36. A circumpolar current becomes possible
37. Antarctic meltwater is projected to slow the abyssal cell
38. A physics-based early warning signal is proposed
39. Evidence
40. Industrial whaling off South Georgia between 1904 and 1971 killed 42,698 blue whales there; more than 34,000 km of systematic survey between 1998 and 2018 produced only a single blue whale sighting; a 2020 survey using visual line transects and DIFAR sonobuoys produced 58 blue whale sightings from 2,430 km of visual effort with 23 individuals photo-identified, and 41 individuals were photo-identified from South Georgia in total between 2011 and 2020. V55 verification basis: these figures were returned in the search result carrying the journal abstract and attributed to this paper.
41. The first shore whaling station on South Georgia was established by Carl Anton Larsen at Grytviken in 1904; whaling began there on 16 November 1904 and the whale-oil factory started production on 24 December 1904. Grytviken operated until 1965, first under the Compania Argentina de Pesca and later under Albion Star, and during this period South Georgia was the principal location for land-based whaling in the Southern Hemisphere. V55 verification basis: retrieved in search summary attributed to the territorial government and museum records; neither page was fetched.