Timbuktu

Assembled from 31 blocks · 2 evidence · 27 related

1. Story
2. The Malian desert city of the Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahia mosques and sixteen mausoleums of saints, inscribed in 1988 as a centre of Islamic learning and of the trans-Saharan trade. Between roughly 30 June and 11 July 2012, during the occupation of northern Mali by armed groups, fourteen of the sixteen inscribed mausoleums and a mosque door were deliberately destroyed as idolatrous. The property was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2012. Reconstruction using traditional earthen technique, led by local masons with UNESCO support, began in 2014. The destruction produced the first conviction anywhere for cultural destruction as a war crime: Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi pleaded guilty at the International Criminal Court and was convicted on 27 September 2016.
3. Knowledge
4. List of World Heritage in Danger
5. Timbuktu
6. Connections
7. List of World Heritage in Danger
8. Fourteen of Timbuktu's sixteen inscribed mausoleums destroyed
9. ICC convicts Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi for the destruction of Timbuktu's mausoleums
10. Outstanding Universal Value and the ten selection criteria
11. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)
12. Venice and its Lagoon
13. Dresden Elbe Valley (delisted 2009)
14. Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City (delisted 2021)
15. Timbuktu
16. Site of Palmyra
17. Galápagos Islands
18. Angkor
19. Angkor inscribed on the World Heritage List and the danger list on the same day
20. Angkor removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger
21. Galápagos Islands placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
22. Arabian Oryx Sanctuary deleted — the first site ever removed from the World Heritage List
23. Dresden Elbe Valley deleted — the second removal, by a vote of 14 to 5
24. Fourteen of Timbuktu's sixteen inscribed mausoleums destroyed
25. Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
26. The Temple of Bel at Palmyra destroyed
27. Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City deleted — the third and most recent removal
28. The Committee declines, again, to place Venice on the danger list
29. Evidence
30. Fourteen of the sixteen mausoleums of saints inscribed as part of the Timbuktu World Heritage property were destroyed during 2012; the property was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2012; reconstruction in traditional earthen technique with local communities began in 2014.
31. On 27 September 2016 Trial Chamber VIII found Al Mahdi guilty as a co-perpetrator of the war crime of intentionally directing attacks against historic monuments and buildings dedicated to religion — nine mausoleums and one mosque in Timbuktu, attacked between around 30 June and 11 July 2012 — and sentenced him to nine years' imprisonment; the sentence was reduced by two years on 25 November 2021. It was the first ICC case centred on the destruction of cultural heritage.