Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)

Assembled from 58 blocks · 2 evidence · 65 related

1. Story
2. The only bird that breeds through the Antarctic winter, and the only vertebrate that does its reproduction on sea ice rather than land. The pair lays a single egg in the early winter dark; the female returns to the sea to feed and the male incubates it on his feet under a fold of skin for about two months, fasting throughout and huddling in a slowly rotating mass with thousands of others against wind chill that no other bird survives. The strategy only works because the chick then fledges in the spring, when food is at its most abundant - which requires the landfast ice under the colony to hold from laying until fledging. Most known colonies were found by satellite rather than by ship, from the stain their guano leaves on the ice, and the count of known colonies has risen with image resolution rather than with population.
3. Knowledge
4. Antarctica
5. Sea Ice
6. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
7. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
8. Connections
9. Sea Ice
10. Antarctica
11. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
12. Scott reaches the South Pole and finds he is second
13. The Halley Bay emperor colony fails and does not recover
14. The emperor penguin is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act
15. Polynya
16. Arctic Amplification
17. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
18. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)
19. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
20. Halley Bay Emperor Penguin Colony
21. The continuous satellite sea-ice record begins
22. A long-term decline in krill density is linked to winter sea ice
23. The Arctic summer minimum drops far below anything previously observed
24. The lowest Arctic sea-ice extent in the satellite record
25. The Halley Bay emperor colony fails and does not recover
26. The emperor penguin is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act
27. Antarctic sea ice reaches a record low, a year after the previous one
28. Arctic Ocean
29. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
30. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
31. Halley Bay Emperor Penguin Colony
32. The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
33. McMurdo Station
34. Vostok Station
35. Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle
36. Antarctica is sighted - by whom is disputed
37. Amundsen reaches the South Pole
38. Scott reaches the South Pole and finds he is second
39. The International Geophysical Year puts twelve nations on the ice at once
40. The Antarctic Treaty is signed at Washington
41. The continuous satellite sea-ice record begins
42. Vostok records minus 89.2 degrees Celsius
43. Antarctic sea ice reaches a record low, a year after the previous one
44. The Madrid Protocol becomes open to a review conference
45. Southern Ocean
46. Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
47. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
48. Baleen whale consumption is re-measured, and the krill paradox sharpens
49. Antarctic Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence)
50. Sea Ice
51. Southern Ocean
52. Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
53. CCAMLR is agreed at Canberra
54. A long-term decline in krill density is linked to winter sea ice
55. CCAMLR adopts the Ross Sea marine protected area
56. Evidence
57. The US Fish and Wildlife Service listed the emperor penguin as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, on the basis of projected loss of the sea ice on which it breeds rather than a documented present decline in abundance. V55 VERIFICATION BASIS: the Federal Register was not reachable during production and no search was possible; the date and rule title rest on the producer's prior knowledge. The Federal Register document number is deliberately omitted rather than guessed.
58. Satellite imagery shows near-total breeding failure at the Halley Bay emperor penguin colony in successive seasons from 2016, following early break-out of the fast ice, with a concurrent increase in numbers at the nearby Dawson-Lambton colony consistent with relocation rather than mortality alone. V55 VERIFICATION BASIS: not opened during production; no research channel was available. Chick-loss counts and the exact sequence of seasons are not quoted anywhere in this pack for that reason.