The Antonine Constitution (Constitutio Antoniniana)

node

Caracalla grants Roman citizenship to substantially all free inhabitants of the empire. The motive is genuinely contested and this journey does not settle it. The Giessen papyrus (P.Giss. 40), the only near-contemporary text of the edict, frames it in religious and providential language - thanksgiving to the gods for the emperor's deliverance - and reads as an act of imperial magnanimity. Cassius Dio, a senator hostile to Caracalla writing within living memory, states flatly that the purpose was fiscal: to enlarge the base liable for the citizen-only inheritance and manumission taxes, which Caracalla had also just doubled, in order to fund army pay rises. Both readings survive; modern scholarship variously accepts Dio, treats him as senatorial hostility, or argues the edict simply ratified a status shift already largely complete. The papyrus is damaged and its key clause - which category of people is excluded - is not fully legible.

A node is not a place. Drawing it on a map would assert something about the world that no stored fact supports.