The Korean War

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North Korean forces crossed the thirty-eighth parallel on 25 June 1950; a United Nations force led by the United States intervened, drove north toward the Chinese border, and was thrown back when Chinese forces entered in late 1950. The front stabilised near the original dividing line in 1951 and the remaining two years were fought over small changes to it while armistice talks continued. Soviet pilots flew combat missions, which neither side acknowledged at the time — the clearest illustration of the rule that direct engagement between the two powers had to be deniable. Casualty estimates vary widely and include very large civilian losses. The armistice signed at Panmunjom on 27 July 1953 established a demilitarised zone and has never been replaced by a peace treaty.

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