Measured global religious composition, 2010-2020

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Pew Research Center's June 2025 study of change between 2010 and 2020 found Christians at 28.8% of world population (about 2.3 billion, down 1.8 points as a share) and Muslims at 25.6% (up 1.8 points, an increase of about 347 million people). The distribution these figures describe still corresponds visibly to the historical routes: Islam concentrated along the Indian Ocean rim and the old caravan belt, Christianity across the Mediterranean, European colonial reach and sub-Saharan Africa.

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The World's Religious Groups: How Their Sizes Changed from 2010 to 2020

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Christianityconcerns
Islamconcerns
Hinduismconcerns
Judaismconcerns
Indian Ocean maritime trade networkconcerns

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