Islamic trade, shipping, port-states and merchant communities in the Indian Ocean, seventh to sixteenth centuries

evidence

Muslim merchant communities established resident populations in Indian Ocean port-states from the seventh century onward, and these commercial networks — rather than conquest — were the principal channel by which Islam reached the Swahili coast, the Indian west coast and the Malay archipelago. V55 verification basis: the chapter's title, volume placement and authorship were corroborated; the chapter text is paywalled and unreachable from this session, so the argument above rests on the standard reading of it rather than on the page.

A evidence is not a place. Drawing it on a map would assert something about the world that no stored fact supports.