The Banjo: America's African Instrument
evidence
The banjo descends from West African gourd and skin-headed plucked lutes carried in the knowledge of enslaved people, was documented in the Caribbean and North America from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and was taken up from the 1830s by blackface performers who mass-marketed it while detaching it from its Black American origins. V55 verification basis: the book is cited as the standing scholarly authority for the banjo-origins argument; it was NOT read in this session, and the specific claims here were retrieved from search summaries of the banjo-roots literature rather than from its pages.
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