Epoch AI — trends in training compute, notable models database, and AI data centres database

evidence

Training compute for frontier AI models grew by roughly 4–5× per year from 2010 to 2024, with frontier language models growing at about 5× per year since 2020; Epoch also maintains a database of large AI data centres built from satellite imagery and permit filings, with concentrations of covered sites in Texas, Virginia, Ohio, Nebraska and Iowa. V55 verification basis: epoch.ai was not fetched. The 4–5× and 5× growth rates were carried in search results attributing them to Epoch's own published trends analysis of that title, and the data-centre database and its state-level site concentrations were carried with attribution to Epoch. Forward projections of compute growth, coverage percentages for the data-centre database, and GPU-equivalent counts appearing in secondary summaries were NOT confirmed and are excluded from this pack.

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