Land subsidence in Jakarta: rates, drivers and coastal defence

evidence

Supports the citywide subsidence average of around 3.5 centimetres a year with faster rates in North Jakarta, groundwater abstraction as the principal driver, and the partially built north-coast sea wall running years behind schedule. V55 verification basis: national reporting plus a peer-reviewed abstract; neither the article nor the underlying geodetic dataset was opened, and rates vary substantially by site and technique.

A evidence is not a place. Drawing it on a map would assert something about the world that no stored fact supports.