Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry — The Gramophone
evidence
Berliner was granted a gramophone patent on 8 November 1887 for recording in a lateral groove of even depth, and moved from cylinder to flat disc, which could be mass-produced far more cheaply than Edison's cylinders. V55 verification basis: retrieved in search summary attributed to Library of Congress and Smithsonian collection materials; neither page was opened and the patent number is not given.
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