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Caribbean-wide mass mortality of the long-spined sea urchin

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An unidentified pathogen, first noticed near the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal early in 1983, spread with the regional currents and killed more than nine in ten Diadema antillarum across the Caribbean within about a year. The die-off removed the dominant grazer from an entire ocean basin while leaving other pressures unchanged, and much of the region shifted from coral-dominated to macroalgae-dominated reef in the years that followed.

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