The erbium-doped fibre amplifier is demonstrated

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Groups at the University of Southampton and at AT&T Bell Laboratories independently demonstrated practical low-noise optical amplification in erbium-doped fibre in the 1.55 µm band. The effect on submarine systems was immediate in principle and took a decade in practice: a cable could now be amplified rather than regenerated, which meant its capacity was no longer fixed by the electronics buried on the seabed and could be raised later by changing equipment on shore.

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