Alvin finds hydrothermal vents on the Galapagos Rift

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On the National Science Foundation Galapagos Hydrothermal Expedition, working from R/V Knorr, the submersible Alvin observes shimmering hot fluid issuing from the seafloor surrounded by dense clams, mussels and metre-long white tubes with red plumes. It is the first ecosystem ever found whose energy base is not sunlight.

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