A Bayesian phylogeny dates Indo-European to the Anatolian Neolithic

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Gray and Atkinson applied Bayesian phylogenetic inference with a relaxed molecular-clock model to Indo-European cognate data and obtained a root age of roughly eight to ten thousand years, consistent with the hypothesis that the family spread with the expansion of farming out of Anatolia rather than with steppe pastoralists in the fourth millennium BCE. The result put a quantitative method behind a hypothesis that comparative linguists had largely rejected, and opened a dispute that is still running. Critics objected to the cognate coding, the calibration priors and the treatment of borrowing.

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