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Ancient DNA finds a mass movement from the steppe into Europe

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Population-scale ancient genomic studies published in 2015 reported a substantial influx of ancestry associated with the Yamnaya horizon of the Pontic–Caspian steppe into central Europe in the third millennium BCE, on a scale sufficient to reshape the gene pool of the regions affected. The finding supplied a demographic event of the right size, direction and date to have carried a language family, and shifted majority opinion back towards the steppe hypothesis. It does not by itself establish what the migrants spoke: genes and languages travel together often enough to be informative and separately often enough that the inference is not automatic.

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