A European lute is depicted in the Libro de los juegos
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A player of a lute-type instrument appears alongside a chess game in the Libro de los juegos, the compendium of games commissioned by Alfonso X of Castile and completed around 1283 — cited in museum accounts as among the first depictions in which the European lute can be distinguished from the Arab ʿūd. The iconographic gap between Ziryāb's arrival and this image is more than four centuries, which is a real limitation on how tightly the oud-to-lute transmission can be dated: instruments of oud type are visible in Iberian art far earlier, but telling the two apart in a picture is not possible until the Western instrument had diverged enough to look different.
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Connections · 3
- European luteconcerns
- Oudconcerns
- Andalusia and al-Andalusconcerns
Assembled narrative · 1
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