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Penrose proves that collapse to a singularity is generic

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Roger Penrose published a short paper in Physical Review Letters showing that once a trapped surface forms in a collapsing region, general relativity implies geodesic incompleteness - worldlines that simply end - for any matter satisfying reasonable energy conditions, and without assuming symmetry. This removed the standing objection that the Oppenheimer-Snyder result was an artefact of idealisation, and it is the work for which he received half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.

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