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Telstar 1 relays the first live transatlantic television

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A satellite built and paid for by AT&T, launched by NASA on a reimbursable basis, relayed live television between the United States and Europe. It was in a low elliptical orbit rather than geostationary, so each usable pass lasted only about twenty minutes, and the demonstration proved the market before the orbit that would serve it had been adopted. Telstar also recorded the first commercial lesson in the space environment: its transistors were damaged by radiation from a high-altitude nuclear test, and it failed within months.

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/atlas?object=EVT_TELSTAR_1962