Ziryāb arrives at the Umayyad court of Córdoba

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A musician trained in Baghdad under Isḥāq al-Mawṣilī takes service with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II at Córdoba on a substantial salary, bringing an eastern court repertoire and a method of training singers to the western end of the Islamic world. Later Andalusi tradition treats the appointment as the foundation of Andalusi music as a distinct school; the specific innovations it credits to him are attributions rather than documented acts. What the date fixes is the transmission itself: the ʿūd and the professional practice built around it are in Iberia from this point.

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