Hawking radiation
node
The thermal emission a black hole should produce when quantum field theory is applied to the curved spacetime around a horizon, derived by Stephen Hawking in 1974 in a calculation he had begun expecting to disprove Jacob Bekenstein's claim that black holes carry entropy. The temperature is inversely proportional to mass: about sixty billionths of a kelvin for a solar-mass hole, and correspondingly smaller for anything larger. That is the reason it has never been observed and may never be. The cosmic microwave background is at about 2.7 kelvin, so every known black hole absorbs vastly more than it radiates and none will begin net evaporation until the universe has expanded and cooled by many orders of magnitude. A solar-mass hole left alone would take on the order of ten to the sixty-seventh years to evaporate. Laboratory analogues in flowing fluids and Bose-Einstein condensates have produced signals consistent with the mechanism, but an analogue confirms the mathematics of horizons in a medium; it does not observe the astrophysical effect. Not a place on Earth.
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- Stephen Hawkingcreated_by
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