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Recordedyearinfrastructure

Underwater survey of the Pharos site begins off Qaitbay

A team led by the French archaeologist Jean-Yves Empereur began systematic underwater mapping of the seabed off the Citadel of Qaitbay, identifying around 3,500 architectural items including column capitals and bases, sphinxes, obelisks and colossal statuary in both Greek and Egyptian styles. It is the first archaeological engagement with the wonder that had been known only from texts.

Historical — it happened, and the record is settled.

Subjects

Evidence

Partly verified — Core facts are sourced; some optional detail is deliberately absent.

Recorded on Lighthouse of Alexandria (the Pharos)

  1. The earthquake and tsunami of 1303 extinguish the Pharos
  2. Underwater survey of the Pharos site begins off Qaitbay

Related

Related because they share a subject in the Atlas — never because the text looks similar.