Tanzania begins relocating residents from Ngorongoro and demarcating Loliondo
Relocation from the Ngorongoro Conservation Area to Msomera village in Handeni district, about 600 km away, began on 16 June 2022; days earlier, on 10 June 2022, security forces demarcating a game reserve boundary in Loliondo fired on Maasai residents, wounding dozens. Human Rights Watch and the Oakland Institute document relocation without free, prior and informed consent, service withdrawal used as pressure, and destination sites lacking water and grazing. The Tanzanian government characterises the programme as voluntary relocation with compensation, necessary to reduce population and livestock pressure on a World Heritage landscape. Reported plans have referenced relocating on the order of 82,000 people by 2027, within a wider figure of about 150,000 pastoralists affected across Ngorongoro district; these planning figures are reported, contested and should not be treated as a count of people moved.
Observed — measured or witnessed, with the observation cited.
Subjects
- Ngorongoro Conservation Area · protected_area · Tanzania
- Maasai · people · not located
- Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) · organisation · Tanzania · not located
- Fortress conservation · model · not located
Evidence
Partly verified — Core facts are sourced; some optional detail is deliberately absent. This is the standing of the weakest source, not an average.
"It's Like Killing Culture": Human Rights Impacts of Relocating Tanzania's Maasai
Maasai residents of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area are being relocated to Msomera in Handeni district without free, prior and informed consent, with withdrawal of health, education and water services used as pressure to move.
Human Rights Watch · 2024-07-31 · Partly verified
https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/07/31/its-killing-culture/human-rights-impacts-relocating-tanzanias-maasai
Flawed Plans for Relocation of the Maasai from the Ngorongoro Conservation Area
The Tanzanian relocation plan for the Ngorongoro Conservation Area targets tens of thousands of residents, and destination sites lack adequate water and grazing while promised services remain undelivered.
The Oakland Institute · 2023 · Partly verified
https://www.oaklandinstitute.org/report/flawed-plans-relocation-maasai-ngorongoro-conservation-area
Ngorongoro Conservation Area: Not Our World Heritage Site - submission by Maasai Indigenous residents of the NCA, with the 1959 legislative division
Two 1959 statutes closed Serengeti National Park to human habitation and created the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (about 8,292 km2) as a multiple-land-use area for Maasai evicted from the plains; Maasai residents state in their own submission that permanent residence and grazing were the consideration for leaving the Serengeti, and that later restrictions and the relocation programme break that undertaking.
Submitted to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (Special Rapporteur call for inputs) · 2022-07-28 · Partly verified
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/indigenouspeoples/sr/callforinputcovidrecoverysubmissions/2022-07-28/MaasaiIndigenousResidentsofNgorongoroConservationArea.pdf ; 1959 division summarised at https://serengetipark.org/serengeti-national-park-history/
Recorded on Ngorongoro Conservation Area
- Etosha proclaimed Game Reserve No. 2 by the German colonial administration
- Kruger National Park constituted from the Sabi and Shingwedzi reserves
- Serengeti National Park established on land used by Maasai pastoralists
- Serengeti closed to residence; Ngorongoro Conservation Area created and Maasai evicted from the plains
- Makuleke community forcibly removed from Pafuri into Kruger National Park
- Amboseli gazetted as a national park, removing Maasai rights inside the boundary
- Tanzania begins relocating residents from Ngorongoro and demarcating Loliondo
Related
Related because they share a subject in the Atlas — never because the text looks similar.
- Amboseli gazetted as a national park, removing Maasai rights inside the boundary · 1974
- Makuleke community forcibly removed from Pafuri into Kruger National Park · 1969
- Serengeti closed to residence; Ngorongoro Conservation Area created and Maasai evicted from the plains · 1959
- Serengeti National Park established on land used by Maasai pastoralists · 1951
- Kruger National Park constituted from the Sabi and Shingwedzi reserves · 1926
- Etosha proclaimed Game Reserve No. 2 by the German colonial administration · 1907