The Paris Agreement is adopted at COP21
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The twenty-first Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change adopts the Paris Agreement at Le Bourget, near Paris. Its temperature goal is to hold the increase in global average temperature to well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to one and a half degrees. Its architecture is the significant part for this Journey: unlike the Kyoto Protocol it assigns no allocated targets, and instead requires each party to submit a nationally determined contribution, to update it periodically on a ratcheting cycle, and to report against it. There is no enforcement mechanism and no penalty for missing a contribution. The agreement is therefore a transparency and ratchet instrument rather than a compliance one — a design choice that made universal participation possible and made delivery a domestic political question in every signatory state.
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