Chinese manufacturing takes over the photovoltaic supply chain

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Across roughly half a decade, Chinese manufacturers move from a minority position to dominance at every stage of the crystalline silicon chain — polysilicon, ingots, wafers, cells and modules — through very rapid capacity construction, provincial industrial finance and aggressive pricing. Module prices fall steeply; European and American manufacturers fail in numbers; the European Union and the United States open anti-dumping and countervailing duty cases. The period is dated here as a range because it was a continuous process rather than an event. Its consequence is the central geographic fact of the solar transition: the world's cheapest energy technology is manufactured almost entirely in one country.

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