South African National Parks (SANParks)

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The statutory agency managing South Africa's national parks, including Kruger. SANParks was the counterparty in the Makuleke restitution settlement, which required it to accept community title inside a national park while retaining conservation management — the institutional template later described as a 'contractual park'. Its revenue model is unusually tourism-dependent for a state conservation agency, which makes park budgets sensitive to visitor collapse.

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