Amboseli National Park

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A small Kenyan national park of roughly 392 km2 beneath Kilimanjaro, gazetted as a national park in 1974 out of land previously held under Maasai tenure, which removed resident grazing and water rights inside the new park boundary. Amboseli is ecologically dependent on land it does not contain: its swamps are fed by Kilimanjaro's groundwater, and its elephants spend much of the year on surrounding Maasai group-ranch land. It hosts the Amboseli Elephant Research Project, begun in 1972, the longest continuous study of wild African elephants, which is why Amboseli elephant demography is unusually well documented.