United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement takes effect

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The withdrawal notified by the United States in January 2025 takes effect approximately one year later under the agreement's Article 28 procedure, making it the second such withdrawal by the same state within a decade. The record is included for what it shows about the instrument rather than about any administration: an agreement designed for universality by making obligations nationally determined and unenforceable is also an agreement a party can leave without penalty and rejoin without cost. The exact effective date within January 2026 is stated here as a month because it was not confirmed in this session.

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