CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
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The treaty regime, in force since 1975, that regulates international trade in listed species through Appendices I, II and III. Its seventh Conference of the Parties, held in Lausanne in 1989, moved all African elephant populations to Appendix I, banning international commercial ivory trade with effect from 20 January 1990. CITES is the clearest instance in this Journey of protection decided far from the landscapes it governs, and southern African range states with growing elephant populations have contested the listing at successive COPs ever since.
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