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Roman Empire

When these happened

18 dated records from 514 BCE to 2026. Each is drawn as wide as its date is certain — a band is a band because nobody knows the year, not because the drawing is imprecise.

500 BCE0500100015002000Traditional foundation of the Roman Republic — 509 BCEConstruction of the Via Appia begins — 312 BCEThe Punic Wars — 264-146 BCECaesar crosses the Rubicon — -0049-01-10Assassination of Julius Caesar — -0044-03-15Battle of Actium — -0031-09-02The Augustan settlement: Octavian becomes Augustus — -0027Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheatre — 0080The empire reaches its greatest territorial extent — 0117Construction of Hadrian's Wall begins — 0122The Antonine Constitution (Constitutio Antoniniana) — 0212Dedication of Constantinople — 0330-05-11Administrative division of the empire on the death of Theodosius I — 0395Alaric's Goths sack Rome — 0410-08-24Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus - the contested 'fall' of the Western Roman Empire — 0476-09-04Compilation of the Corpus Iuris Civilis — 529-534 CEOttoman capture of Constantinople — 1453-05-29Digital mapping shows most of the Roman road network is unlocated — 2025
18 shown · 18 dated · 0 cannot be placed on an axis · Approximate or contested. Draw a band and do not sharpen its edges.
In order18
  1. 509 BCETraditional foundation of the Roman Republic

    Sources disagree, or the dating is contested. Stated, not resolved.

  2. 312 BCEConstruction of the Via Appia begins

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  3. 264-146 BCEThe Punic Wars

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  4. -0049-01-10Caesar crosses the Rubicon

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  5. -0044-03-15Assassination of Julius Caesar

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  6. -0031-09-02Battle of Actium

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  7. -0027The Augustan settlement: Octavian becomes Augustus

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  8. 0080Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheatre

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  9. 0117The empire reaches its greatest territorial extent

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  10. 0122Construction of Hadrian's Wall begins

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  11. 0212The Antonine Constitution (Constitutio Antoniniana)

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  12. 0330-05-11Dedication of Constantinople

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  13. 0395Administrative division of the empire on the death of Theodosius I

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  14. 0410-08-24Alaric's Goths sack Rome

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  15. 0476-09-04Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus - the contested 'fall' of the Western Roman Empire

    Sources disagree, or the dating is contested. Stated, not resolved.

  16. 529-534 CECompilation of the Corpus Iuris Civilis

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  17. 1453-05-29Ottoman capture of Constantinople

    It happened, and the record is settled.

  18. 2025Digital mapping shows most of the Roman road network is unlocated

    It was measured or witnessed, with the observation cited.